简单介绍Python实现邮件自动下载的示例
本篇文章给大家带来了关于Python的相关知识,详细介绍了如何利用Python语言实现邮件自动下载以及附件解析功能,文中的示例代码讲解详细,感下面一起来看一下,希望对大家有帮助。
开始码代码之前,我们先来了解一下三种邮件服务协议:
1、SMTP协议
SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol),即简单邮件传输协议。相当于中转站,将邮件发送到客户端。
2、POP3协议
POP3(Post Office Protocol 3),即邮局协议的第3个版本,是电子邮件的第一个离线协议标准。该协议把邮件下载到本地计算机,不与服务器同步,缺点是更易丢失邮件或多次下载相同的邮件。
3、IMAP协议
IMAP(Internet Mail Access Protocol),即交互式邮件存取协议。该协议连接远程邮箱直接操作,与服务器内容同步。
然后介绍一下email包
这个包的中心组件是代表电子邮件消息的“对象模型”。 应用程序主要通过在 message 子模块中定义的对象模型接口与这个包进行交互。 应用程序可以使用此 API 来询问有关现有电子邮件的问题、构造新的电子邮件,或者添加或移除自身也使用相同对象模型接口的电子邮件子组件。 也就是说,遵循电子邮件消息及其 MIME 子组件的性质,电子邮件对象模型是所有提供 EmailMessage API 的对象所构成的树状结构。
接下来我们通过具体的代码实现一个登录邮箱客户端,下载邮件,解析邮件附件内容的功能。
首先我们需要定义一个邮件解析的类,该类需要三个变量:
1、邮箱所属的imap服务地址;
2、邮箱账号;
3、邮箱密码【注:不同邮箱需要不同的安全策略,例如qq邮箱需要短信验证,获取登录授权码,而不是明文密码去登录远程客户端】
- class Email_parse:
- def __init__(self,remote_server_url,email_url,password):
- # imap服务地址
- self.remote_server_url = remote_server_url
- # 邮箱账号
- self.email_url = email_url
- # 邮箱密码
- self.password = password
然后定义类中入口函数,登录远程,默认获取第一页所有的邮件。我们获取邮件的主题,并打印出来【不同邮件主题的编码可能不同,二进制需要转码才能正确显示】
- def main_parse_Email(self):
- """入口函数,登录imap服务"""
- server = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(self.remote_server_url, 993)
- server.login(self.email_url, self.password)
- server.select('INBOX')
- status,data = server.search(None,"ALL")
- if status != 'OK':
- raise Exception('read email error')
- emailids = data[0].split()
- mail_counts = len(emailids)
- print("count:",mail_counts)
- # 邮件的遍历是按时间从后往前,这里我们选择最新的一封邮件
- for i in range(mail_counts - 1, mail_counts - 2, -1):
- status, edata = server.fetch(emailids[i], '(RFC822)')
- msg = email.message_from_bytes(edata[0][1])
- #获取邮件主题title
- subject = email.header.decode_header(msg.get('subject'))
- if type(subject[-1][0]) == bytes:
- title = subject[-1][0].decode(str(subject[-1][1]))
- elif type(subject[-1][0]) == str:
- title = subject[-1][0]
- print("title:", title)
其中,msg变量保存的就是邮件的主体,接下来因为会重复用到msg和tilte,我们将构造一个类函数返回msg和title。
- def get_email_title(msg):
- subject = email.header.decode_header(msg.get('subject'))
- if type(subject[-1][0]) == bytes:
- title = subject[-1][0].decode(str(subject[-1][1]))
- elif type(subject[-1][0]) == str:
- title = subject[-1][0]
- print("title:", title)
- return title
解析邮件,我们分为两部分,邮件正文【HTML】和附件【xlsx等】,判断有附件,我们就保存到固定的路径下。表格的解析不再赘述了,pandas之类的包足以搞定。
- def get_att(msg):
- """获取附件并下载"""
- filename = Email_parse.get_email_name(msg)
- for part in msg.walk():
- file_name = part.get_param("name")
- if file_name:
- data = part.get_payload(decode=True)
- if data != None:
- att_file = open('./src/' + filename, 'wb')
- att_file.write(data)
- att_file.close()
- else:
- pass
邮件正文内容,我们直接解析html,将文本内容直接保存到.txt文件中,方便读取。
- def get_text_from_HTML(msg):
- """获取邮件中的html"""
- filename = Email_parse.get_email_name(msg)
- current_title = Email_parse.get_email_title(msg)
- print("filename:",filename,type(filename))
- for part in msg.walk():
- if not part.is_multipart():
- result = part.get_payload(decode=True)
- result = result.decode('gbk')
- f = open(f'./src/{current_title}.txt','w')
- f.write(result)
- f.close()
- return result
完整代码如下:
- import email
- import imaplib
- from email.header import decode_header
- import pandas as pd
- import datetime
- class Email_parse:
- def __init__(self,remote_server_url,email_url,password):
- self.remote_server_url = remote_server_url
- self.email_url = email_url
- self.password = password
- def get_att(msg):
- filename = Email_parse.get_email_name(msg)
- for part in msg.walk():
- file_name = part.get_param("name")
- if file_name:
- data = part.get_payload(decode=True)
- if data != None:
- att_file = open('./src/' + filename, 'wb')
- att_file.write(data)
- att_file.close()
- else:
- pass
- def get_email_title(msg):
- subject = email.header.decode_header(msg.get('subject'))
- if type(subject[-1][0]) == bytes:
- title = subject[-1][0].decode(str(subject[-1][1]))
- elif type(subject[-1][0]) == str:
- title = subject[-1][0]
- print("title:", title)
- return title
- def get_email_name(msg):
- for part in msg.walk():
- file_name = part.get_param("name")
- if file_name:
- h = email.header.Header(file_name)
- dh = email.header.decode_header(h)
- filename = dh[0][0]
- if dh[0][1]:
- value, charset = decode_header(str(filename, dh[0][1]))[0]
- if charset:
- filename = value.decode(charset)
- print("附件名称:", filename)
- return filename
- def main_parse_Email(self):
- server = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(self.remote_server_url, 993)
- server.login(self.email_url, self.password)
- server.select('INBOX')
- status,data = server.search(None,"ALL")
- if status != 'OK':
- raise Exception('read email error')
- emailids = data[0].split()
- mail_counts = len(emailids)
- print("count:",mail_counts)
- for i in range(mail_counts - 1, mail_counts - 2, -1):
- status, edata = server.fetch(emailids[i], '(RFC822)')
- msg = email.message_from_bytes(edata[0][1])
- subject = email.header.decode_header(msg.get('subject'))
- if type(subject[-1][0]) == bytes:
- title = subject[-1][0].decode(str(subject[-1][1]))
- elif type(subject[-1][0]) == str:
- title = subject[-1][0]
- print("title:", title)
- Email_parse.get_att(msg)
- Email_parse.get_text_from_HTML(msg)
- def get_text_from_HTML(msg):
- filename = Email_parse.get_email_name(msg)
- current_title = Email_parse.get_email_title(msg)
- print("filename:",filename,type(filename))
- for part in msg.walk():
- if not part.is_multipart():
- result = part.get_payload(decode=True)
- result = result.decode('gbk')
- f = open(f'./src/{current_title}.txt','w')
- f.write(result)
- f.close()
- return result
- if __name__ == "__main__":
- remote_server_url = 'imap.qq.com'
- email_url = "*********@qq.com"
- password = "**********"
- demo = Email_parse(remote_server_url,email_url,password)
- demo.main_parse_Email()
运行结果:
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