浅谈angular9中组件动态加载的实现方法
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按条件加载组件,实现组件的灵活切换,减少大量ngIf的使用,在angular中也是比较常见的操作。本篇文章就来大家一起交流一下angular组件的动态使用。有一定的参考价值,有需要的朋友可以参考一下,希望对大家有所帮助。
指令的创建
在添加组件之前,先要定义一个锚点来告诉 Angular 要把组件插入到什么地方。
在src/dynamic-banner/ad.directive.ts下
import { Directive, ViewContainerRef } from '@angular/core'; @Directive({ selector: '[ad-host]', }) export class AdDirective { constructor(public viewContainerRef: ViewContainerRef) { } }
AdDirective 注入了 ViewContainerRef 来获取对容器视图的访问权,这个容器就是那些动态加入的组件的宿主。
在 @Directive 装饰器中,要注意选择器的名称:ad-host,它就是你将应用到元素上的指令。
动态组件的核心代码
动态组件加载的html
src/dynamic-banner/ad-banner.component.html
<div class="ad-banner-example"> <h3>Advertisements</h3> <ng-template ad-host></ng-template> </div>
动态组件的ts
src/dynamic-banner/ad-banner.component.ts
import { Component, Input, OnInit, ViewChild, ComponentFactoryResolver, OnDestroy, SimpleChanges } from '@angular/core'; import { AdDirective } from './ad.directive'; import { AdItem } from './ad-item'; import { AdComponent } from './ad.component'; import { componentMap } from './component/utils'; @Component({ selector: 'app-ad-banner', templateUrl: './ad-banner.component.html', // styleUrls: ['./ad-banner.component.css'] }) export class AdBannerComponent implements OnInit { @Input() type: string = 'ad1' // 传入的key,确定加载那个组件 @Input() data: any = {} // 传入组件的数据 @ViewChild(AdDirective, {static: true}) adHost: AdDirective; // 动态组件的指令 constructor(private componentFactoryResolver: ComponentFactoryResolver) { } ngOnInit() { this.loadComponent(); } ngOnChanges(changes: SimpleChanges): void { if (changes['type']) this.loadComponent() } loadComponent() { // adItem 要加载的组件类,以及绑定到该组件上的任意数据 const adItem = new AdItem(componentMap[this.type], this.data) const componentFactory = this.componentFactoryResolver.resolveComponentFactory(adItem.component); const viewContainerRef = this.adHost.viewContainerRef; viewContainerRef.clear(); const componentRef = viewContainerRef.createComponent(componentFactory); (<AdComponent>componentRef.instance).data = adItem.data; } }
ad-item.ts
src/dynamic-banner/ad-item.ts
import { Type } from '@angular/core'; export class AdItem { constructor(public component: Type<any>, public data: any) {} }
ad.component.ts
src/dynamic-banner/ad.component.ts
import { Type } from '@angular/core'; export interface AdComponent { data: any; }
组件统一注册
src/dynamic-banner/share.module.ts
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common'; import { componets } from './component/utils'; import { AdDirective } from './ad.directive'; import { AdBannerComponent } from './ad-banner.component'; @NgModule({ imports: [ CommonModule ], exports:[ [...componets], AdDirective, AdBannerComponent, ], declarations: [ [...componets], AdDirective, AdBannerComponent, ], entryComponents: [ [...componets] ] }) export class ShareModule { }
组件的映射
src/dynamic-banner/component/utils.ts
import { HeroProfileComponent } from "./hero-profile.component"; import { HeroJobAdComponent } from './hero-job-ad.component'; const componentMap = { ad1: HeroProfileComponent, ad2: HeroJobAdComponent } const componets = [ HeroProfileComponent, HeroJobAdComponent ] export {componets, componentMap}
效果图
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